Ubuntu常用操作

ubuntu常用操作

平时工作一直用centos，ubuntu基本上相同，有些不同之处记录在这里备用。

1.开启root用户

sudo passwd root
#为root用户设置密码

su root
#登录roo用户

2.修改IP后重启网络

nmcli networking off
#禁用网络

nmcli networking on
#启用网络

3.开启ssh

默认未安装ssh服务

apt install openssh-server
#安装openssh

ps aux|grep sshd
#查看服务是否已启动

ssh允许密码登录

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

#将注释去除
PasswordAuthentication yes
PermitRootLogin yes

systemctl restart sshd
#重启sshd

ssh开启证书登录

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

#将注释去除
AuthorizedKeysFile      .ssh/authorized_keys .ssh/authorized_keys2

#将证书添加到authorized_keys文件中

systemctl restart sshd
#重启sshd
#启用证书登录时需要重启，后面再添加证书无需重启。

4.配置阿里云apt源

1. 备份
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak 
2.修改
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
将source.list文件内容替换成下面的

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

3. 更新
sudo apt update

5.查看系统版本号及系统代号

lsb_release -c

6.通过apt下载deb包

apt-get install -d *.deb
#-d只下载不安装

/var/cache/apt/archives/
#默认包的存放路径

7.apt查询软件包

apt-cache policy erlang
#查询erlang版本

erlang:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1:25.1.1-1rmq1ppa1~ubuntu18.04.1
  Version table:
     1:25.1.1-1rmq1ppa1~ubuntu18.04.1 1000
        500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-erlang/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
     1:23.3.4-1rmq1ppa1~ubuntu18.04.1 1000
        500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-erlang/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
     1:22.0.7+dfsg-1build1~ubuntu18.04.1 100
        100 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe amd64 Packages
     1:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2 500
        500 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 Packages
#查询出4个版本

apt install erlang=1:23.3.4-1rmq1ppa1~ubuntu18.04.1
#安装1:23.3.4版本

8.配置网卡

#配置文件地址：
/etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml

#配置文件格式
# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
  ethernets:
    ens160:
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [192.168.3.68/24]
      gateway4: 192.168.3.1
      nameservers:
              addresses: [192.168.3.1]
  version: 2

#测试网卡配置
sudo netplan try
按Enter键确认，如果不确认，120秒后恢复。可以防止意外出错。

#应用网卡配置
sudo netplan apply

9. 查询文件所属包

   apt install apt-file
   apt-file update
   apt-file search libncurses.so.5

持续增加...